Progress and Obstacles of Ultra-deep Drilling Technology in Tarim Oilfield

doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2024.02.08

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently,the development of ultra-deep/extra-deep layers oil & gas resources in Tarim Oilfield is crucial for meeting Chinese economic development needs and ensuring energy security.After decades of exploration and practice,Tarim Oilfield has innovatively developed a series of ultra deep drilling technologies to ensure significant breakthroughs in ultra deep oil & gas exploration and creating multiple records,including well structure design methodology of ultra-deep complex wells,ROP optimization in ultra-deep and hard-to-drill formations,drilling technology of ultra-deep highly deviated and horizontal wells,drilling & completion fluids of ultra-deep complex wells,ultra-deep complex formation cementing technology,HTHP well integrity,and well control technology of ultra-deep complex wells et al.With the continuous increase in the number of ultra-deep wells,the more complex engineering geological conditions and the more harsh downhole environment,the ultra-deep drilling process is bound to face new engineering problems and challenges,which seriously restricts the safe and efficient development of deep oil & gas resources.Therefore,the key problems and development directions of drilling technology from ultra-deep to extra-deep in the Tarim Oilfield are pointed out by summarizing the development process of drilling technology in Tarim Oilfield and combining the new exploration and development situation and oil and gas development requirements,which may provide reference and guidance for safety and efficient drilling of ultra deep-complex oil & gas wells.

Key words: Tarim oilfield, ultra-deep/extra-deep, high temperature and high pressure, drilling engineering technology

摘要：

当前,塔里木油田以超深特深层为代表的深地油气资源开发对满足我国经济发展需求和保障能源安全至关重要。经过数十年的探索和实践,塔里木油田创新形成了超深复杂井井身结构设计、超深难钻地层钻井提速、超深大斜度井水平井钻井、超深复杂地层钻完井液、超深复杂地层固井、高温高压井完整性、超深复杂井井控等一系列超深层钻井技术,保障深地油气勘探获得重大突破并创造多项纪录。伴随超深井数量持续增加,工程地质条件更加复杂,井下环境更加苛刻,超深层钻井过程势必面临新的工程难题和挑战,严重制约深地油气资源安全高效开发。为此,通过概括塔里木油田钻井工程技术发展历程,系统梳理了深地钻井工程技术取得的主要技术进展,并结合新的勘探开发形势与油气开发要求,指出了塔里木油田钻井工程技术从超深层迈入特深层新时期的焦点问题及攻关发展方向,为国内外深地复杂油气井安全高效钻进提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 塔里木油田, 超深层特深层, 高温高压, 钻井工程技术

WANG Chunsheng, WANG Zhe, ZHANG Quan, LU Junan, CHEN Kaifeng, ZHANG Chao. Progress and Obstacles of Ultra-deep Drilling Technology in Tarim Oilfield[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2024, 47(2): 59-69.

王春生, 王哲, 张权, 卢俊安, 陈凯枫, 张超. 塔里木油田超深层钻井技术进展及难题探讨[J]. 钻采工艺, 2024, 47(2): 59-69.

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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发展阶段	中深层阶段 (1989~2000年)	深层阶段 (2001~2008年)	超深层阶段 (2009~2022年)	特深层阶段 (2023年~至今)
代表性油田	轮南	KL-2	富满油田	寒武系盐下
钻探深度	4 000~5 000 m	5 000~6 000 m	8 000 m钻井常态化	井深突破9 000 m
技术系列	丛式井; 双台阶水平井	高陡构造防斜打快; 复合盐层安全钻井技术	超深复杂井钻完井; 储层改造和井完整性等技术	ZJ120钻机; 抗200 ℃以上工具与井筒工作液
标志性成果	TZ油田5口水平井初期日产均在千吨以上	KL-2气田的发现直接促成了西气东输工程建设	2022年完成井平均井深达到 7 103 m	完成油田最深水平井GL3C井 (斜深9 396 m)

发展阶段	中深层阶段 (1989~2000年)	深层阶段 (2001~2008年)	超深层阶段 (2009~2022年)	特深层阶段 (2023年~至今)
代表性油田	轮南	KL-2	富满油田	寒武系盐下
钻探深度	4 000~5 000 m	5 000~6 000 m	8 000 m钻井常态化	井深突破9 000 m
技术系列	丛式井; 双台阶水平井	高陡构造防斜打快; 复合盐层安全钻井技术	超深复杂井钻完井; 储层改造和井完整性等技术	ZJ120钻机; 抗200 ℃以上工具与井筒工作液
标志性成果	TZ油田5口水平井初期日产均在千吨以上	KL-2气田的发现直接促成了西气东输工程建设	2022年完成井平均井深达到 7 103 m	完成油田最深水平井GL3C井 (斜深9 396 m)

钻完井液体系	老化条件	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	PV/ (mPa·s)	YP/ Pa	初切力/ Pa	高温高压失水(220 ℃)/ mL	沉降稳定性
聚磺水基	220 ℃/16 d	1.50	28	12	5.0	17	轻微分层
高密度油基	220 ℃/15 d	2.00	27	5	1.5	3	静止后未稠化、沉淀
超微重完井液	220 ℃/15 d	1.85	7	3	2.0	—	静止后无沉淀、分层

钻完井液体系	老化条件	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	PV/ (mPa·s)	YP/ Pa	初切力/ Pa	高温高压失水(220 ℃)/ mL	沉降稳定性
聚磺水基	220 ℃/16 d	1.50	28	12	5.0	17	轻微分层
高密度油基	220 ℃/15 d	2.00	27	5	1.5	3	静止后未稠化、沉淀
超微重完井液	220 ℃/15 d	1.85	7	3	2.0	—	静止后无沉淀、分层