油基钻井液芳烃降解催化剂的构筑与性能研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油基钻井液及其废弃物中的芳烃具有含量高、毒性大和难降解等特点，常规处理措施难达到国家环保排放要求。文章采用水热法合成了一种具有纳微米多级异质结构的的钛铋复合催化材料，能够在短时间内高效光降解水体中含苯环类有机物。通过扫描电镜分析了光催化剂的表面形貌和元素分布。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和和比表面测试仪等分析了复合材料的官能团、晶体结构、价态和比表面积。通过紫外－可见－近红外漫反射测试评价了复合材料的光谱响应性能。结果表明，二氧化钛可均匀嵌入氧化铋晶层间，复合材料的比表面积为29.68 m²/g，约为氧化铋的5倍，禁带宽度为3.19 eV，其对紫外光和可见光的吸附能力显著增加；同时，开展了针对苯酚等有机物的光降解实验，发现制备的光催化剂能够在20 min内降解72%的苯酚和85%的萘，光降解效果显著优于氧化铋；基于上述研究，探究了催化剂的光降解机理。

关键词: 光催化剂, 异质结, 光降解, 油基钻井液, 多环芳烃

Abstract: The aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil-based drilling fluid and its waste possesses the features of high content, high toxicity and poor degradation, conventional treatment measures are difficult to meet the environmental emission requirements of China. In this paper, a nanomicron multistafe hetergeneous TiO₂@BiO_2-x composite was prepared through hydrauothermal method, which displays efficient and favorable photocatalytic activity towards organic contaminants containing benzene ring under light irradiation. The surface morphology and elements distribution were investigated by SEM technique. The functional group interaction, crystal structure, valence state, and the specific surface area were analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and BET techniques. The spectrum response of the prepared composite was evaluated by UV-visible DRS technique. Results show that TiO₂ can evenly embedded into the crystal layers of BiO_2-x. The specific surface area of the composite is 29.68 m²/g, about 5 times that of BiO_2-x_, and the band gap is 3.19 eV. The adsorption capacity of the composite to ultraviolet and visible light has been significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the photodegradation experiments toward phenol and other organic compounds were carried out, and it was found that the photocatalyst prepared could degrade 72% of phenol and 85% of naphthalene within 20 minutes, which was significantly better than BiO_2-x. Based on the above research, the photodegradation mechanism of catalyst was explored.

Key words: photocatalyst, heterojunction, photodegradation; oil-based drilling fluid; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

潘莉芳, 金家锋, 侯麒麟, 王金堂. 油基钻井液芳烃降解催化剂的构筑与性能研究[J]. 钻采工艺, 2022, 45(2): 131-136.

PAN Lifang, JIN Jiafeng, HOU Qilin, WANG Jintang. Construction and Properties of Aromatics Degradation Catalysts in Oil-based Drilling Fluid [J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2022, 45(2): 131-136.

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